Barriers Of Mental Health Information And Services

Firstly, barriers related to the use of existing mental health information and services are emphasized (2015, p. 1897). One aspect of this barrier includes the lack of awareness of mental health issues and the services available. For example, certain ethnic immigrant groups have difficulty recognizing mental health problems (lack of depression literacy), resulting in underutilization of existing services (2015, 1897). An additional aspect of this barrier includes cultural barriers. Ethnic immigrant groups may fear cultural incompatibility with health care providers, deterring them from seeking professional assistance (2015, 1897). The stigma associated with mental health also prevents treatment-seeking; a common barrier for immigrant seniors and women (2015, 1897). Secondly, barriers posed by the immigration settlement process are also acknowledged (2015, p. 1898). New immigrants and refugees to Canada experience periods of low income and social exclusion (2015, p. 1898). Low income translates into lower socio-economic status, which can be a precursor for mental health issues (2015, p. 1898). Likewise, lower income contributes to service accessibility issues (i.e. being able to afford transportation to and from appointments) (2015, p. 1898). A lack of social support can lead to feelings of social isolation, negatively impacting the mental health of immigrants and refugees whom may not have access to their usual social support circle (2015, p. 1989). Lastly, barriersShow MoreRelatedThere Are Multiple Barriers That Prevent Recent Immigrants1543 Words   |  7 PagesThere are multiple barriers that prevent recent immigrants to Canada from accessing mental health services including culture, stigma, and affordability. One of the barriers that prevents immigrants from seeking mental health services is language proficiency (Ohtani, Suzuki, Takeuchi, Ochida, 2015). Language barriers and their implications on mental health care will be reviewed. Brisset et al. (2013) highlights the importance of dialogue between the health care practitioner and the client receivingRead MoreAdvocacy and the Mentally Ill1477 Words   |  6 PagesFleming BSHS/442 January 13, 2014 Dr. Elizabeth Thompson Advocacy and the Mentally Ill The American mentally ill population faces numerous barriers to acquiring basic services that those without mental illness receive daily. Advocating for the mentally ill population gives a voice to those who cannot voice their problems or may not know how. Mental illness is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Individuals who are not properly diagnosed cannot receive necessary medical treatment which canRead MoreHealth Providers : A Higher Rate Of Challenge907 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore health providers will face a higher rate of challenge. According to Lardiere sharing history and condition of a patient s illness between the physical health and behavioral health care providers is vital for helping the patient to receive health care services but under HIPAA rules behavioral health care provides face challenges (37). According to Johns Hopkins studies due to HIPAA privacy rule, and other barriers mental health providers could not share psychiatric information with otherRead M oreMilitary Sexual Trauma ( Mst )1269 Words   |  6 Pagesreported to Canadian military police (Mercier Castonguay, 2014). This data was attained through the Access to Information Act but its accuracy remains to be determined. Military sexual trauma (MST) is defined as, sexual harassment, pressured into sexual activities, having been unable to give consent, or any variation of unwanted verbal or physical sexual acts experienced during military service (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2015). There is a current lack of research regarding MST within the CanadianRead MoreA Brief Note On Mental Health Services And The Latino Community1072 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment I: Qualitative Research Proposal Part II: Literature Review Barriers in Mental Health Services in the Latino Community Literature Overview A comparison of several studies are reviewed and have identified that variables such as: socio-economic status, cultural values, language proficiency, and discrepancies in mental health service utilization are barriers that the Latino community encounter in pursuing mental health services (Hong, Zhang, Walton, 2014; Keyes, Blanco, Martins, Bates, HatzenbuehlerRead MoreImplementing A Program For A Medium Sized Rural Community Hospital Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesday. A large portion of the emergency department visits are behavioral health related or attempted suicides. The facility and county are struggling to provide the resources needed for this population. The facility has not been able to recruit behavioral health professionals to the facility, despite having one of the country’s largest mental health hospitals for the criminally insane nearby. The bottleneck of behavioral health patients is having a significant impact on the facilities ability to provideRead MoreSym ptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia980 Words   |  4 Pagesthe highest disability rating (0.53) of all mental illnesses among adults† (Eaton, 2012, p. 19), and as a chronic disorder requires lifetime treatment. The latter serves as the most compelling evidence that helps to explain the current happenings in Ms. Jones case. Navigation of life is not void of challenges; however, in the presence of a mental disorder, these normal life challenges are exacerbated. Because of this continued mental health services are of fundamental importance for the sufferRead MoreHealth Promotion. This Paper Will Discuss The Health Promotion1639 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Promotion This paper will discuss the health promotion role of learning disability nurse when supporting a person with a learning disability to access cancer screening programmes. Barriers to health inclusion will be discussed and how the nurse can assist in reducing these inequalities with the use of current legislation. The World Health Organisation (1986) defines health promotion as â€Å"a process of enabling people to have control over the determinants of their health in order to achieveRead MoreHomelessness Is Becoming An Epidemic1566 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered as the consequence of systemic or societal barriers, a lack of affordable and appropriate housing, the individual/household’s financial, mental, cognitive, behavioral or physical challenges, and/or racism and discrimination. Most people do not choose to be homeless, and the experience is generally negative, unpleasant, stressful and distressing†. More importantly, recent research studies have shown increased association between prevalence of mental illness among the homelessness in western countriesRead MoreThe Chosen Intake Form Is From Focused Solutions, Llc Who1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntake forms are essential components to the helping process and the information within the form aids mental health professionals in properly caring for their clients. It also aids mental health professionals in properly identifying a client’s presenting problem. Although not all forms are thorough, mental health intake forms are essential to quality care of clients since they provide important information regarding client health and well-being and indicates several identifiers to characterize the

Pride and Predujice by Jane Austen - 986 Words

Jane Austen lived in the higher class society. It was the world she knew and as a very good observer, she was able to capture the reality of life on paper. The situations she is presenting in her books are very likely to happen in real life too. It is also the case of story of Lydia Bennet and her elopement with Mr Wickham. It was perceived as a disaster, but for the modern reader it can be rather incomprehensible. Why was Lydia’s elopement so scandalous? Kristen Koster is explaining why it was more difficult for couples to get married than before: in 1753 The Marriage Act, or the Hardwicke Act, was published. It was preventing couples from hasty and secret marriages, because it required the reading of the Banns – Banns were read every†¦show more content†¦It was highly unacceptable, because sexual actions were, especially for women from higher classes, meant for marriage only. The couple who was in this situation was publicly disgraced and so were their families – it indicated that the family was not consistent enough in discouraging its members from unsuitable actions and they were therefore corrupted too. In other words, it meant social disaster for the whole family. Mr Darcy learnt about the affair from devastated Elizabeth who just received the letter announcing her the bad news. Immediately after their meeting, Mr Darcy went to London and saved the family reputation. Because he knew about the corrupted character of Mr Wickham, he offered him some money: â€Å"His debts are to be paid, amounting, I believe, to considerably more than a thousand pounds, another thousand in addition to her own settled upon her, and his commission purchasedâ€Å" (Austen 179). It was enough for Wickham to marry Lydia and save the reputation of her and her family. Elizabeth Bennet did not know immediately that it was Darcy who intervened. However, the whole affair had an enormous effect on their relationship. Elizabeth Bennet had refused Mr Darcy when he had asked her to marry him. She was convinced that his was morally corrupted and arrogant man. But under the influence of subsequent events – explaining letter, visit to Pemberly – she started to change her opinions. She was not fully aware of her true feelings until sheShow MoreRelated With particular reference to the novel opening, how does Jane Austen1247 Words   |  5 Pagesreference to the novel opening, how does Jane Austen present the role of women in pride and prejudice? Pride and Predujice With particular reference to the novel opening, how does Jane Austen present the role of women in pride and prejudice? Pride and prejudice was first published in 1893, this was a time when it just became acceptable for women to write and publish books. Pride and prejudice was set in the early 19th century in rural England. Pride and Prejudice is the story of Mr and

College Success free essay sample

What does it mean to be successful? Many people look at the word success from different views. The dictionary defines success in two ways: the accomplishment of one’s goals and then the attainment of wealth or position. I believe you can be successful in two ways as well: you can be successful in your career and you can be successful by doing what makes you happy and living a fulfilling life to your standards. You don’t have to have a huge mansion on top of a private hill looking over the ocean to be defined as successful. When asked what it takes to be successful in college, that’s a different story. To be successful in college is to reach your academic goals in a productive way. I am in college to obtain a degree and build an honorable future for myself. My goals for college are to get straight A’s and obtain my MD. My goals for life are to become a pharmacist and be able to provide for my future family. In order to decide what tips will most help me succeed in college I read several articles on college success, provided by my professor. I have come to find the best ways to be successful in college are to manage time wisely, communicate and form an association with my professors, and get to it and do it. An essential skill that will help me succeed in college is time management. I chose this skill because it is crucial to know when a class is, when an assignment is due, what day the test is, when I have free time, and when I don’t. Mastering this skill will help me keep track of my time and ensure I get all my studies done while still having free time to do fun things. When I get to the point where I realize I don’t have time to go to the mall with everyone because I have to study for that math test, I will remind myself it is just part of the journey to my Medical Degree in Biochemistry that I will complete in the future. In â€Å"Managing Your Time: Setting Priorities and Developing Strategies for Success† Businessman Company writes, â€Å"Realize, too, that periods in your life when free time seems minimal will eventually end. Look forward to holidays or longer vacation when you can take a break from the most intense of your time pressures.† (10) Businessman Company is saying that you shouldn’t dwell on how you have no free time, you have to stay positive and look forward to times when you will have free time. This is a key factor in time management, I have to keep looking forward and stay positive. If I get caught up in dwelling I will begin to neglect my studies and end up falling behind. If I use this time correctl y, I will be able to get all my studies done and still have free time. This will help me succeed because I will stay on the right track to my Medical Degree and not get side tracked by too much free time. It is one thing to have study time but it’s another thing to spend that time effectively. This will help me in my future career by having my mind already trained to not waste time and as soon as an assignment or task is given to me I will just automatically start doing it. Businessman Company also writes, â€Å"To make more productive use of your time, you need to know not only how you have been spending it, but also how you want to use your time effectively. † (10) Businessman Company is saying that you need to be sure you are using your time dedicated to studies efficiently. There’s a big difference between just studying and proficiently studying. The challenge with studying is boredom. If I want to use my time efficiently I need to really use that time I set aside to study and not just stare at my papers daydreaming. For me to succeed with this task I will make my study times short with breaks in-between so I don’t get distracted and truly get work done. To have good time management helps a college student to stay focused and get their studies done while still having some free time. Time management is a skill I will need throughout college, my career, and life by training my mind to keep a close eye on time so I will not be late to say an interview and then once I get the job, turning in my assignments in to my boss early to obtain a promotion. Another vital skill that will help me to succeed in college is to have good communication with professors. I chose this skill because your instructors are your most important resource through your college years. Mastering this skill will help me with just about anything; keeping up with grades, going over questions that I have on the homework assignment so that I don’t make the same mistake on the test. Professors can be your friend if you let them. They really are there to help you succeed. In â€Å"Student Guide to First-Year Composition† Sugie Goen-Salter writes, â€Å"When you are a student in a first-year composition course, your instructor is your most important resource. †(50) Goen-Salter is saying that you have many resources in college but your main one will be your instructor. You can use them as a learning tool or even as someone to just talk to. I’d much rather my professors be my friend or at least know me by name and face rather than not know who I am. I will talk to my professors about anything; the weather, how their day is going, what they had for breakfast, etc. The purpose of your instructor is to be your guide along this journey of life. If I keep in good contact with my professors I will never be unsure about what is being asked of me. Sugie Goen-Salter also writes, â€Å"Office hours and your instructor’s office location will be listed on your syllabus, and your instructor will post her office hours outside her office. † (50) Goen-Salter is saying that teachers like it when you come into their office hours and remind you when their office hours are all the time. If I use this tip I will never be unsure of myself because if I have a question I can just go to my professor’s office hours. Going to office hours will help me succeed because if there’s something I am not understanding that the whole class is understanding I can still go and have that one-on-one time where my professor focuses on me and answers any questions I have that way I know what I’m doing by the time the test comes. The challenge will be finding time to go to office hours and convincing myself that even that one small question is worth the walk. Talking to my professors will allow me to really succeed in college by getting on that one-on-one level and then knowing my strengths and weaknesses so they can truly help me be successful in my classes and not just go through the motions. A fundamental skill many people struggle with every day is â€Å"get to it and do it†. I chose this skill because for me the hardest part about doing anything is to get started but once you do the rest just flows. Acquiring this skill will help me to get work done and not put things off by going straight to my room after class, sitting down, and doing the assignment while the material is still fresh in my mind. In his â€Å"College Success Guide† Peter W. Johnson writes, â€Å"You’ll find that the hardest part is getting started. Once you’re doing something, it often begins to just flow. So get to it and do it! † (3) Johnson is the master mind behind this theory. What Johnson meant by this was that he used his time, energy, and attention to do the required work. He is saying that things, such as writing a 6-page essay or completing a chemistry midterm, can be easy we just make them hard because we don’t just get started. The challenge is I can never seem to get started. Especially with essays, I never know how to start so I just sit and stare at a blank page for hours. If I use this tip, I will have more free time because I will not be wasting any time. This will help me succeed because this will ensure I get my studies done. In life you can’t put things off. For example, bills are a big issue for adults as far as paying them on time. I will train myself now to get things done as soon as they cross my path so that I will not end up being a procrastinator in my future. Johnson also writes, â€Å"†¦it is far easier to do something than to think about it. † (3) Johnson is saying that thinking takes effort so why waste time and effort thinking when you can just write that paper and get it over with. Not putting tasks off will help me not only succeed in college but also as I become an independent adult with my career many years from now. To get to it and do it allows a college student to really succeed in their academics. I have come to discover the most efficient ways to be prosperous in college are to manage time astutely, communicate with professors, and get to it and do it. I will face many encounters in college that will test my capabilities to stay motivated. One challenge I am going to encounter in college is finding that stability between study time and free time. I struggle with the feeling of being left out, I will sometimes put off my studies in order to go to eat with everyone when I know I should be writing that essay. I know that my studies are more important but I neglect them regardless. In order to overcome this, I need to use my time efficiently to get my work done and then have free time to do with it what I choose. One way to do this is to make a schedule and stick to it. Another challenge I will face is procrastination, which is a deadly term. The problem is I can never seem to get started. With essays I never know how to begin so I end up staring at a blank page for hours. To overcome this challenge I am going to do what Peter W. Johnson says, â€Å"get to it and do it. † I am going to use my time, energy, and full attention to get the required work completed. This will allow me to not waste time, get my work done, and still allow myself to have some free time to do with it what I please. My overall goal is to in the end be successful in my college years and in my future after those years. In order to do this I am going to do three things: manage my time wisely, communicate with my professors, and get to it and do it.

Teen Smoking Essays - Habits, Smoking, , Term Papers

Teen Smoking There are many factors that author use in each of their stories to help the reader imagine what the setting look likes. In Pat Conroy, the author describes how the air smells and what the land looks like at different times of the year. This is some of the things that he gives you to help image the setting of the story. The author writs about the first time the boy ever went to the island. He was amazed with the landscape and how the island had never been urbanized. When he got out of high school they started to urbanize the island. They start to build housing and buy the time his mom moved on the island there was a golf course. When he established him self on the land his mother had been old. Before she passed on she told him every time you look out in to the water and there is white caps that will be her saying she is with him. So from now on every time he looks at the waves he is reminded of his mom. Authors have many different ways to right. Some lead you on and others leave u out to hang and you have to guess. The work of this author led you on in the story. You understood what he was trying to get across and he had many details to support that.

AI essays

AI essays Artificial Intelligence and Singularity Within the next thirty to fifty years, there will be technological means on earth which can create superhuman intelligence. Shortly after this occurrence, humans will no longer be needed to run the world and therefore the human era will be extinct. The question that we all need to ask ourselves is, can we avoid this process? If this process is not avoidable, can humans still guide these events so that the human era survives. The rise of technology is the single most amazing event in this past century. The speed of technology has been mind-blowing. In the next thirty to fifty year, human life will change on earth drastically due to great advances in technology. The exact cause of this great change will be the creation of technology which is grater than human intelligence. According to Verner Vinge [1], a world famous mathematician, author, and computer scientist, the consequences of this event will be that greater-then-human intelligence is much more rapid. An example used by Vernor Vinge is that animals can adapt to problems and make inventions in their environments, but often no longer than nature can do its work on a place. He continues to say that the world acts as its own simulator in the case of natural selection. Humans have the ability to solve problems in their heads much faster than natural selection. But by creating machines which can execute problems at much faster speeds than humans, humans will be entering a world which is much different than the human past. For example, humans will no longer be needed for jobs that they are needed for now because computers will be able to have a though process which is much faster than the human one. This process can be described as singularity. Stan Ulam [2], a respected member of the national mathem atical society, paraphrased John Von Neumann [3], professor, mathematician, and author, by saying, One conversation centered on the eve...

Funny Quotes for Your Christmas Celebration

Funny Quotes for Your Christmas Celebration Want to make witty remarks this Christmas? Ogden Nash, Dave Barry, Charles Dickens, and many other authors share their Christmas humor with you on this page. Peter Dickinson The threat of Christmas hung in the air, visible already in the fretful look of passersby as they readied themselves for the meaningless but necessary rites of false jovialities and ill-considered gifts. Max Lucado, God Came Near Were it not for the shepherds, there would have been no reception. And were it not for a group of stargazers, there would have been no gifts. Once again we find ourselves enmeshed in the Holiday Season, that very special time of year when we join with our loved ones in sharing centuries-old traditions such as trying to find a parking space at the mall. We traditionally do this in my family by driving around the parking lot until we see a shopper emerge from the mall, then we follow her, in very much the same spirit as the Three Wise Men, who 2,000 years ago followed a star, week after week, until it led them to a parking space. Ogden Nash People cant concentrate properly on blowing other people to pieces if their minds are poisoned by thoughts suitable to the twenty-fifth of December. Katharine Whitehorn, Roundabout From a commercial point of view, if Christmas did not exist it would be necessary to invent it. Frank McKinney Hubbard ​Next to a circus there aint nothing that packs up and tears out faster than the Christmas spirit. Bill Waterson, Calvin Hobbes Oh look, yet another Christmas TV special! How touching to have the meaning of Christmas brought to us by cola, fast food, and beer... Whod have ever guessed that product consumption, popular entertainment, and spirituality would mix so harmoniously? Dave Barry, Christmas Shopping In the old days, it was not called the Holiday Season; the Christians called it Christmas and went to church; the Jews called it Hanukkah and went to synagogue; the atheists went to parties and drank. People passing each other on the street would say Merry Christmas! or Happy Hanukkah! or (to the atheists) Look out for the wall! W. J. Cameron There has been only one Christmas the rest are anniversaries. Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol Out upon merry Christmas! Whats Christmas time to you but a time for paying bills without money; a time for finding yourself a year older, but not an hour richer...? If I could work my will, said Scrooge indignantly, every idiot who goes about with Merry Christmas upon his lips should be boiled with his won pudding, and buried with a stake of holly through his heart. He should!

COFFEE TRENDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

COFFEE TRENDS - Essay Example Due to the high caffeine content and other chemical substances in coffee, it is believed that coffee is addictive, and in addition, health activists claim that to some extent it contributes to weight gain. Nevertheless, since its introduction, coffee has played an imperative role in human lives in various ways such as cultural, social, political, globalization, economical, and medicinal aspects. Coffee is popular in all occasions and is a customary gesture in many societies. For example, it is presented and consumed in many societies whereby it plays various roles with regard to a particular culture. For instance it acts as ethnic or religious representative of many groups, matrimonial or funeral essential commodity, irreplaceable element for individuals and professionals at all times. In addition, coffee is a symbol of hospitability, whereby social hospitable norms of many ethnic and religious groups require them to offer at least â€Å"a cup of coffee to their guests† as their standard etiquette (Topik 86). This is commonly seen in various religious societies, in which guests are often presented with a cup of coffee. For example, Muslims either in Ramadan or in their traditional weddings, keep coffee as a mandatory item for their guests. Similarly, Catholic, Jews and orthodox also keep this social beverage at important events such as funerals, marriage ceremonies, political and social meetings, and most importantly at professional work places (Croegaert 468). Throughout history, coffee houses have been social places for political and revolutionary movements across many nations. Companies such as Starbucks, Nestle, Proctor and gamble among others are popular for promoting a coffee culture where people can go relax in their coffee outlets and lounges, and consequently catch up or discuss political and social issues. Starbucks even went as far as providing Wi-Fi in their coffee lounges in Australia so that customers can

Based on the above statement. discuss and critically evaluate the Essay

Based on the above statement. discuss and critically evaluate the conceptual Business Model framework with reference to structur - Essay Example Success in this case is not only valued in the amount of money that a business is able to make but is based on whether the organization is able to achieve all the objectives it had set out for itself at the beginning of the business. For example, a Non Profit organization does not focus on increasing their profit margin but have other objectives on hand (mainly to do with helping others) and it is by achieving these objectives that they consider themselves successful. A business model will determine the structure and purpose of an organization as well as how that organization will evaluate itself. The model is chosen at the beginning of the formation of the business and will determine how a business will proceed henceforth in attaining the objectives that it has set out for itself (Pike & Neale, 2003). The type of business will depend on the ambition of the organization and what they hope to achieve by setting up the business (Spencer, 2000).. ... Therefore it can be said that the business model used brings out the character of a business. There are a number of objectives that an organization that enters the market may hope to achieve and it is these objectives that determine the type of business model that will used by the company (Cuthbertson & Nitzsche, 2001). It is essential to understand the main categories of these objectives in order to understand the business models that have been employed to achieve them. The main categories of business objectives include: Profit – This is the most traditional objective in existence when it comes to businesses. Most organizations are set up in order to make money from the activities that they participate in and thus the main objective of such a business would be to improve their profit margin as much as possible (George & Bock, 2012). Such businesses will employ a business model that mainly focuses on gaining a controlling hold on the market and attracting as many consumers as possible while using the least amount of money in terms of cost in activities such as production and other required necessities that may include factors such as marketing and advertising strategies and remuneration among other costs. Social Uplifting – This is a newer concept with organizations and has developed from the emergence of social responsibility that organizations may feel towards the society that they operate in. This objective focuses on improving the lives of individuals within the society that they operate in and do not only focus on improving profit margins. In such an organization, decisions are influenced by how they will affect the society and do not only focus on the bottom line (George & Bock, 2012). These organizations feel that it is possible for everyone to

Decision Analysis Essay Example for Free

Decision Analysis Essay In business today, many decision-making situations occur under conditions of uncertainty. The demand for a product can be one number this week and double that number next week or vice versa. There are several decision-making techniques to aid the decision maker in dealing with these types of uncertainties. There are two classes of decision situations, situations where probabilities can be assigned to future occurrences and probabilities that cannot be assigned. A decision-making situation includes several components, the decision itself and the actual events that can occur in the future, we refer to those as states of nature. The states of nature can be good and bad economic conditions, cold or warm weather, and an accident or no accident. The state of nature that does occur will determine the outcome of the decision, but the decision maker has no control over which state occurs. Payoff tables are organized so that the decision situations can be analyzed. Using a payoff table is a means of organizing a decision situation, including the payoffs from different decisions, given the various states of nature. Each decision will result in a specific outcome corresponding to the particular state of nature that occurs in the future. Payoffs are usually expressed as revenues or costs, but the can be expressed in a variety of values. Once a payoff table has been organized, there are several criteria available for making the actual decision. One of those is the maximax criterion. The maximax criterion results in the maximum of the maximum payoffs. The decision maker would be very optimistic. They would assume the most favorable state of nature would occur. When considering profit, the decision maker would pick the state of nature that gains the highest revenue. When considering cost, the decision maker would select the minimum of the minimum of costs, which is also referred to as the minimin criterion. The maximin criterion is another criteria that can be used. The maximin criterion results in the maximum of the minimum payoff. This is a pessimistic criterion. The decision maker assumes that the minimum payoff will occur. Of those minimum payoffs, the maximum is selected. If the decision maker were to consider costs instead of profits as the payoff, the conservative approach would to select the maximum cost for each decision. Then they would select the minimum of those costs. The minimax regret criterion minimizes the maximum regret. Regret is the difference between the payoff from the best decision and all other decision payoffs. With this criterion, the decision maker attempts to avoid regret by selecting the decision alternative that minimizes the maximum regret. To use this criterion, the decision maker selects the maximum pay off under each state of nature and then subtracts the other payoffs from those amounts. The Hurwicz criterion is a compromise between the maximax and maximin criteria. The decision maker is not totally optimistic not totally pessimistic. With this criterion, the payoffs are weighted by a cofficient of optimism, which is a measure of the decision maker’s optimism. The coefficient of optimism must be determined by the decision maker, which is a limitation. It can be difficult for a decision maker to accurately determine his or her degree of optimism. This is a completely subjective decision making criterion. The equal likelihood criterion is done in the same way. The equal likelihood criterion multiplies the decision payoff for each state of nature by an equal weight. In conclusion, decision making analysis is a key component to maximizing profit and minimizing cost. There are several different decision-making criteria. Which criteria is used would be based on the decision makers outlook on the future.

Essays --

On November 28th, 1942 a fire broke out in Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Boston. The fire killed approximately 492 people, injuring 166, and impacting numerous others (Cocoanut Grove Fire). This event became known as one of the deadliest nightclub fires of its time. The causes for such a devastating event can be analyzed using utilitarian ethics presented by John Stuart Mill. The decisions made by the owners of the nightclub will be evaluated as being right or wrong based on utilitarian theory. The utilitarian ethics theory in a nutshell basically states that â€Å"the good is the well-being of all, impartially considered (Riley 68).† What is emphasized in utilitarian theory is that the greatest good be produced for the greatest number of people. This brings up the question of what â€Å"good† actually is. Many utilitarian theorists believe there are two kinds of good, intrinsic and instrumental. Intrinsic good is good considered just by itself while all other things are instruments for gaining the intrinsic goods (Schinzinger 55). Mill believes that the only intrinsic good is happiness and thus the emphasis can be rewritten as the greatest happiness produced for the greatest number of people. In other words, happiness is basically the only thing desirable as an end in itself. However, once again we ask the question of what happiness really is. When explaining his utilitarian theory, Mill separates happiness into two types, the higher and the lower (Mill Ch.2 ). Mill defines the higher happiness as being that of humans including such qualities as justice, creativity, morality and nobility. On the other hand, the lower happiness is that which is associated with animals and is purely pleasure based. Using these two types of happiness, Riley c... ...at the owner did not act like Socrates dissatisfied but instead he acted like a fool. In other words, in this case the owner did not act like a smart man with dissatisfaction because of lack of money, but instead he acted like a fool with plenty of money. This fool believes that having more money is the ultimate happiness, when in reality it is only a stepping-stone towards happiness. In the aftermath of the Cocoanut Grove fire, building codes were amended by adding two outward-opening exit doors next to revolving doors, clearly marking exits that could be unlocked from within and keeping every exit unobstructed, requiring sprinklers and emergency lighting. (Boston Fire). However, due to poor decisions and management, the rapid spread of the fire and the intense heat & toxic smoke resulted in the majority of people inside the Grove to never have a chance to escape.

Healthcare Management Essay

When creating a strategic business plan, one of the most important analysis tools that can help management identify areas that need improvement and the areas that are strong and already beneficial to the company is a SWOT analysis. Using this tool management can determine the parts of a business that may need more of their time and resources in order to outcome obstacles that may prevent growth. In this paper, we will create a SWOT analysis for our fictitious company Vandalay Healthcare Inc. Strategic Healthcare Plan A SWOT analysis is a tool that can be used by management to measure or audit the organization as a whole. SWOT is an acronym for the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats by internal and external that can effect and hinder a company in various ways. Using the SWOT analysis a company can learn to identify the parts of a business that are helping the business grow and the same analysis can identify areas where the business can make improvements (Marketing Teacher, 2012). The greatest distinguished features that management should include when creating a SWOT analysis is, where the business is today and where it hopes to be in the future, and the analysis should be subjective and specific, the most effective analysis are short and direct. The SWOT that was created for the fictitious company, Vandalay Healthcare Inc., is as follows: SWOT Analysis Vandalay Healthcare Inc. The goals for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., as defined in the company’s mission and vision statements is to become one of the most successful company’s in the field of Certified Life Care Planning, and also to build the company to maintain a certain level of integrity. The external and internal environments that would directly affect this company can possibly cause the company to become in financial trouble at some point, since the knowledge of the field is expanding and the threats of medical advancements could hinder the need for this type of business, the company can be tempted to cut corners. However, by instilling the vision and mission statement the company was founded and expanded on, the possibilities to allow this type of behavior can decrease by over 75%. A continuous improvement plan is defined as a process that continues to bring gradual change to a business (O’Hara, 2012). In the development of the continuous improvement plan the company must first decide where they plan on going in the future. For Vandalay Healthcare Inc., the company has already established the desire to be one of the best CLCP types of companies in existence. The best way to achieve this is by evaluating the outcome measures for the company. The outcomes are specifically the results achieved by the interaction of the patient/client and the business (Mireles, n.d.). To measure the outcomes Vandalay Healthcare Inc., will provide survey cards to be completed by clients, which will be done on an anonymous basis. By allowing the clients/patients to complete the surveys on an anonymous basis, the company can indicate the areas in the service sector that may have issues as well as eliminate any gaps that can occur in the performance areas of a business. The vision and mission statements for Vandalay Healthcare Inc. are as follows: In the next few years, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. will have succeeded in establishing a name for itself within the field of Certified Life Care Planner by being an honest organization that focuses 100% on patient care. And the mission statement for Vandalay Healthcare Inc., is: âž ¢Patient Care Mission – to provide the best care to every patient regardless of the ethnic, cultural, or demographic background âž ¢Community Mission – provide support within the community by providing honest medical care âž ¢Economic Mission – operate and grow the organization at a profitable rate through sound economic decisions The SWOT analysis and the continuous improvement plan are both focusing on the constant improvement of patient care. Our company’s mission and vision statements are both also directly focused on the patient care. The company’s service strategy is related to the environment of the facility itself. The environment includes the employees, having the proper training and the company being adequately staffed to accommodate clients in a timely and professional manner. And the setting and following guidelines set forth by government agencies to ensure the moral and ethical standards of the company are higher then the others, as to set Vandalay Healthcare Inc. on a different level then similar companies within the same industry. By adhering to each of these goals, such as the mission statement, the vision statement and the intended service strategy, Vandalay Healthcare Inc. can set new standards within the healthcare industry, and this can be beneficial to the healthcare organization as a whole be causing other agencies to also raise the quality of care their patients may currently receive. Reference: Marketing Teacher. (2012). SWOT Analysis. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-swot.html Mireles, Sandra. (n.d.). How to Measure Outcomes & Evaluations. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/how_6578817_measure-outcomes-evaluations.html O’Hara, Jane. (2012). How to Develop a Continuous Improvement Plan. Retrieved on July 8, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/how_8054214_develop-continuous-improvement-plan.html

Uses and Abuses of Information in Orwell’s 1984

In George Orwell†s novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, we are presented with a dystopian vision of the future. Orwell†s book follows the life of Winston Smith, a citizen of Airstrip 1, formerly Britain and part of the nation of Oceania. The country is governed by Ingsoc, the English Socialists, a totalitarian regime led by the iconic leader Big Brother. Oceania is constantly at war with as well as always being in alliance with one of the other two nations of the earth, Euraisia and Eastasia. The population is divided into three social groups, at the top of the power structure is the Inner Party, whose members are the policy makers and number relatively few. Below them are the members of the Outer Party, who are educated and work in governmental departments. It is this group which Winston Smith belongs to. Underneath them are the proletariat, the uneducated masses that made up 85% of the population. The life of a party member involves being constantly subjected to government propaganda by the medium of the telescreen. This is a device similar to a television placed in the home and workplace of Party members, unlike a television it cannot be turned off and it transmits as well as receives. Winston works at the Ministry of Truth, one of four government ministries. The Ministry of Love is concerned with law and order, The Ministry of peace concerns itself with war, The Ministry of Plenty which deals with economic affairs and The Ministry of Truth which is responsible for the production of news, education, entertainment and fine arts. Orwell is said to have based the infrastructure of Oceania on that of Stalinist Russia of the 1940s. I want to compare and contrast Orwell†s vision of the future and control of information to the world of today. I hope to draw parallels in the ideology of Insog, governments of the present day and those of past regimes. Winston worked in the records department of the Ministry of Truth. His job consisted of the constant updating of news archives. He was responsible for altering or ‘rectifying† news reports from back issues of the state newspaper. For example, it appeared from The Times of the seventeenth of March that Big Brother, in his speech of the previous day, had predicted that the South Indian front would remain quiet but that a Eurasian offensive would shortly be launched in North Africa. As it happened, the Eurasian Higher Command had launched its offensive in South India and left North Africa alone. It was therefore necessary to rewrite a paragraph of Big Brother†s speech, in such a way as to make him predict the thing that had actually happened. (Orwell1949). In another case the Ministry of Plenty promised there would be no cut in the chocolate ration. After a cut in the ration, this speech was rewritten to say that they had predicted a cut some time in the future and eventually that the ration had been increased. Once these articles had been rewritten, the old newspapers were destroyed, new issues printed and used as historical records. All documentation of the past had been tailored to say exactly what the government wanted it to. No other records of the past existed other than those that had been manipulated and falsified by the ministry of truth. This may seem fantastic and unfeasible in modern western society, but Orwell himself performed a similar role in the BBC during World War II. This gave him a solid taste of bureaucratic hypocrisy and may have provided the inspiration for his invention of â€Å"newspeak,† the truth-denying language of Big Brother's rule in Nineteen Eighty-Four (Johnson 1993). In 1944 Orwell wrote a letter to tribune bringing up the question of how true history actually is. He said that until recently the chances were that major events were recorded with some accuracy. He says that the battle of Hastings probably happened in 1066, that Columbus discovered America, that Henry VIII had six wives, and so on. A certain degree of truthfulness was possible so long as it was admitted that a fact may be true even if you don†t like it. (Orwell1944). He goes on to say that even as late as just prior to World War I, a substantial amount of facts in the encyclopaedia Britannica are compiled from German sources and were regarded as neutral. An account of World War II would vary from different sources. The Nazis of the day would have a completely different account of the war than that of the Allies. The decision of which of these accounts reaches the history books is decided on the battlefield. If Hitler and the Nazis had won the war, the ‘history books† would undoubtedly be different from those we are brought up to believe in post war Britain. For example Orwell says that in 1941 and 1942 the Luftwaffe were busy in Russia, whilst at the same time German radio was proclaiming the devastation of London through aerial bombing. According to our history, these raids never happened. If we were living in London at that time we would know that those raids never happened, if Hitler then seizes power, those raids might as well have happened as the history books will be written accordingly. This theory is the basis that Orwell uses for the management of information in the fictitious Ministry of Truth. There are countless examples of history being re-written. Orwell gives other examples: Is the protocols of the Elders of Zion a genuine document? Did Trotsky plot with the Nazis? How many German aeroplanes were shot down in the Battle of Britain? Does Europe welcome the New Order? In no case do you get one answer that is universally accepted because it is true: in each case you get a number of totally incompatible answers, one of which is finally adopted as the result of a physical struggle. History is written by the winners. (Orwell 1944). Noam Chomsky develops these ideas and applies them to the Vietnam and Gulf wars. He describes a study that was done at the University of Massachusetts on attitudes towards the Gulf war. This study was designed to gauge the beliefs and attitudes of television watchers. One of the questions asked in that study was, How (sic) many Vietnamese casualties would you estimate that there were during the Vietnam war? The average response on the part of Americans today is about 100,000. The official figure is about two million. The actual figure is probably three to four million. (Chomsky 1991). This example highlights an almost eerie foresight into the future from Orwell. Are the telescreens that pump out propaganda and manipulated facts and figures to the population of Oceania really that different in principle to the televisions that are dotted around our houses now? It seems that the information broadcast on television is believed by its viewers. The history of the Vietnam war has probably altered since it ended. It may be hard to write an objective history of it from an American perspective, as attitudes toward the conflict seem to be ambiguous. When the war ended, American vets were seen by their country as failures, now they are honoured officially. It is unclear who is writing the history of Vietnam. During the conflict, news coverage was biased toward the plight of the American forces and anti communist ideals, creating a monster out of the enemy as to keep people†s thought irrational and unquestionably loyal to the American war effort. Towards the end of the seventies we saw the first of a wave of Vietnam feature films. It was now the directors telling the story, but whose is correct? Mc Carthyists may argue that Hollywood is adopting a communist point of view and thus siding with the old enemy. Is it just wars whose facts and figures are subject to alteration? Who is to say for instance that the so-called financial boom of the eighties actually happened? As it the decade gets more vague in our memories, it may be open to historical manipulation for political means. The likelihood is the current Labour government of 1999 will have a different recollection of the financial situation of the last twenty years than that of the Conservatives. Which, if either, account is correct? We (the public) have our own realities of the era; the amount of money we had at the time. As individuals though we are not in a position of power with which to rewrite history. Chomsky talks about the first modern government propaganda, that of the Woodrow Wilson Administration of The United States at the time of World War I. The population of America were pacifistic at that time and saw no reason to become involved in a European conflict. The Wilson government were committed to war and decided to do something about it. They established a government propaganda division, called the Creel Commission, which succeeded, within six months, in turning a pacifist population into a hysterical, war-mongering population which wanted to tear the Germans limb from limb, go to war and save the world. (Chomsky 1991). These same techniques were used for anti socialist campaigns after the war, which destroyed unions and restricted the freedom of the press. The same techniques were used by the British propaganda ministry, whose commitment at the time, as they put it in their secret deliberations, was ‘to direct the thought of most of the world†. (Chomsky1991). Chomsky goes on to say that the British propaganda ministry†s aim was to control the thought of the more intelligent members of the community in the United States, who would then disseminate the propaganda that they were concocting and convert the pacifistic country to wartime hysteria. He says that this taught a lesson to Hitler and many others that state propaganda, when supported by the educated classes and when no deviation is permitted from it, can have a big effect. A concise example of the use of propaganda in nineteen eighty- four is the rabble rousing Two Minutes Hate. This is a daily gathering where members of the Party vent their hatred for enemies of the state, In particular the spectre of Emmanuel Goldstein. Party members gather together in front of a telescreen while a film of the traitor Goldstein is shown. The participants are worked into a fury of hate before being brought back to calm by the image and voice of Big Brother. In chapter 1 of the book Orwell describes the event: Goldstein was delivering his usual venomous attack upon the doctrines of the Party – an attack so exaggerated and perverse that a child should have been able to see through it, and yet just plausible enough to leave one with an alarmed feeling that other people, less level headed than oneself, might be taken in by it. (1949) I believe evidence of Orwell†s own belief in the power of persuasive propaganda is expressed through the thoughts of Winston. Although Winston is a rebellious thinker who initially uses the two minute hate to vent his detestation of Insoc and it†s subsidiary organisations, he finds his feelings switching to a hatred of the image of Goldstein. He then voluntarily switches his hatred to the image of the girl behind him. Oceania is personified by the image of Big Brother, whilst its enemies are symbolised by Goldstein. This rhetoric is well used in propaganda and there are many examples, either official, as with Marianne and Germania, or unofficial, as in the cartoon stereotypes of John Bull. (Hobsbawm 1983). I have not really scratched the surface of concepts of information manipulation that Orwell highlights in Nineteen Eighty- Four, Newspeak for instance. A whole book could be written on this language and probably has been. After reading Orwell and Chomsky a great deal of correlation is evident between their ideas. Orwell says: The really frightening thing about totalitarianism is not that it commits ‘atrocities† but that it attacks the concept of objective truth; it claims to control the past as well as the future (1944) Although we live in a so-called democracy today the practice of history rewriting still seems to be prevalent. Chomsky says: the picture of the world that†s presented to the public has only the remotest relation to reality. The truth of the matter is buried under edifice after edifice of lies upon lies†¦ It†s not like a totalitarian state, where it†s done by force. These achievements are under conditions of freedom (1991). Although we do live in a free society (try arguing that we don†t with someone who†s lived under an oppressive regime), we live under what Chomsky calls a self-imposed totalitarianism (1991) with our televisions as our telescreens. As our daily newspapers switch political allegiances, who is to say that they are not employing modern day Winston Smiths to change accounts of the past. Why should the Sun hark on about the good old days under the Tory government when they want Blair to win the next election?

Musashi essays

Musashi essays Who is the sword saint? Some say Miyamoto Musashi is a sword saint. He was born around 1584 in the village of Miyamoto in the Mimisaka province. Many people know him only by the name of Musashi. His real name however is Shinmen Musashi no Kami Fujiwara no Genshin. He took the name of Miyamoto to honor the village of his birthplace. Musashi was a great warrior. No one could match him and no one really ever got the better part of him. He never lost a duel. He was also an excellent writer and artist The book Musashi written by Eiji Yoshikawa is an excellent book portraying the life and time of Musashi. Yoshikawa provides well-developed characters with the context needed for a modern reader(Raven Para.2). It is a thorough and interesting piece of writing. I have read it twice already and watched the movie based on made from it about five times. Yoshikawa does a great job portraying the achievements that Musashi accomplished and the feats he overcame as a youth in a warring period of Japan. He follows his entire life from when he was a young teen until he was about forty- five and then he goes into meditation. Musashi was an intense type of warrior and very loyal to his art. He hardly ever had a girlfriend while he was wandering the countryside and fighting in numerous duels. He was always trying to improve his skill and create new styles. Therefore he never had much time to be involved in relationships.He created one of the most difficult sword techniques of the time called two-swords. After he used that technique in combat and the word got it around it put fear into all of his adversaries and opponents. He killed his first opponent at the age of thirteen. He was being bullied by a student of the Shinto-Ryu school of military arts and was tired of his harassment. He ...

Jane Eyre Questions for Study and Discussion

Jane Eyre Questions for Study and Discussion Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre is one of the foremost works of British literature. At its heart, its a coming-of-age story, but  Jane Eyre  is much more than girl-meets-and-marries boy. It marked a new style of fiction writing, relying on the title characters internal monologue for much of the storys action. A womans internal monologue, no less. Put simply, the story of Jane Eyre and Edmund Rochester is a romance, but on the womans terms. Originally Published Under Male Pseudonym Theres no small irony in the fact that the distinctly feminist  Jane Eyre was originally published in 1847 under Brontes male pseudonym, Currer Bell. With the creation of Jane and her world, Bronte introduced an entirely new kind of heroine: Jane is plain and orphaned, but intelligent and proud. Bronte depicts Janes struggles with classism and sexism from a perspective that was almost unheard of in the 19th-century Gothic novel. There is a heavy dose of social critique in Jane Eyre, and distinctly sexual symbolism, also not common with female protagonists of the time period. It has even spawned a sub-genre of criticism, that of the madwoman in the attic. This, of course, is a reference to Rochesters first wife, a key character whose impact on the plot is significant, but whose voice is never heard in the novel. Regularly on Top 100 Best Book Lists Given its literary significance and its groundbreaking style and story, its no wonder that Jane Eyre regularly lands on Top 100 best books lists,  and is  a favorite among English literature instructors and students of the genre. Questions for Study and Discussion What is important about the title; why does Bronte choose a name for her character that has so many homonyms (heir, air). Is this intentional? What is significant about Janes time at Lowood? How does this shape her character?   Compare Brontes descriptions of Thornfield with the descriptions of Rochesters appearance. What is she trying to convey? There are many symbols throughout Jane Eyre. What significance do they hold for the plot?   How would you describe Jane as a person? Is she believable? Is she consistent? How did your opinion of Rochester change when you learned what his secret was? Does the story end the way you expected?   Do you think Jane Eyre is a feminist novel? Why or why not? How does Brontes portray other female characters besides Jane? Who is the most significant woman in the novel other than its titular character? How does Jane Eyre compare to other heroines of 19th century English literature? Of whom does she remind you?   How essential is the setting for the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? Do you think Jane and Rochester deserved a happy ending? Do you think they got one?   This is just one part of our study guide on Jane Eyre. Please see the links below for additional helpful resources.

Group Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Group Dynamics - Essay Example Additionally, particular reference will be paid to the Rofle reflection model theory. Within a group, the individual members always interact and continuously communicate to achieve a particular objective. The members of a group are connected by universal harmony and combined forces. Plasters, Sagull and Xiao (2003) cite that in most cases, the members of a particular group have matching abilities and rely on each other in a robust power-sharing and accountability framework. According to Duffy (2010), there are different domains in a group dynamic that emphasize on different types of teamwork skills. For example, the group dynamics in an operating room is different in some ways from that of the intensive care unit team due to the nature of work performance in the two areas. The two areas have different role team structures, time pressure, criticality, as well patient volume. Weaver et.al (2010) observes that medical care and practice is undeniably a team effort. Weaver et.al (2010) elaborates that different types of groups are important to all organizations; however, these groups should observe high standards of communication, cooperation and coordination. Well-coordinated teamwork especially in complex service areas such as the operation theater is associated with crucial patient outcomes like increased patient satisfaction while reducing nursing turnover (Machary et.al 2006). Furthermore, Weaver et.al (2010) asserts that effective teamwork is also linked with other positive outcomes such as job satisfaction and reduced stress level. Mosser and Begun (2013) are of the opinion that teamwork in the operating theater makes task performance faster because of the rapid interaction of individuals in the working the team. Subsequently, teams also enable the OR personnel to learn to provide high quality health care by working closely with each other. Within the healthcare set up, there exist four main types of

Inter Office Memoramdum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Inter Office Memoramdum - Essay Example In response to your query about the type and effectiveness of an economic policy as a large part of campaign, here I am presenting the following details that will give you an insight about the pros and cons associated with each policy and the basic complementary things associated with each courses of action. In order to have a control over finance, there are two courses of action namely Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy. These are basically two separate, yet equally important strategies by which we can enact and control our finances and can stabilize economics fluctuation (Iwamoto, 2005, p.3). This came into play mainly after the Great Depression of the 1930’s when it was necessary to regulate how and what was happening financially, how money was being taken in and then later spent, how budgets were enacted, how banks could conduct business, and so forth. Following paragraphs give detail about both Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy. The process by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority manages the supply of money or trading in foreign exchange markets is referred as Monetary Policy. Monetary Policy is based on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy, that is the price at which money can be borrowed and the total supply of money. It employs a variety of tools like monetary base, reserve requirements, discount window landing and interest rates to control the price at which money can be borrowed or the total supply of money hence influences the outcomes of economy like economic growth, inflation, exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment.

Explain how demands translates into capacity management, production Essay

Explain how demands translates into capacity management, production scheduling and materials requirements - Essay Example It drives the detailed material planning and capacity management requirements to fulfill the known or forecasted demand. Demand is the factor that contributes to the planning of the entire production cycle for a particular time of year. The production schedule gives a structure to depict as to how the manufacturing process has to be carried out. It plans out the inventory, capacity and staffing requirements for the company based on the projected demand. Based on demand as one of the inputs production schedule creates an output that is utilized for decision making. These outputs include the amount of products to be produced, the staffing quantities, the cushion required etc. This schedule helps the organizations in synchronizing their operations, in becoming more efficient and improving accuracy of company’s manufacturing. It enables the different departments to plan their course of action accordingly based on the schedule. For instance it allows marketing department to make le gitimate delivery commitments to warehouse and to the customers. Based on this demand the company may decide to utilize its existing capacity fully to meet the requirements. The capacity management is done to effectively make the most of the capacity that exists.

Panic Attack Treatment Case Study

Panic Attack Treatment Case Study Angela L. Jenkins Final Project Assessment reports are measurement tools that fit comfortably into a variety of settings. It is a necessity that all counselors utilize assessment. Assessment is a vital part of the counseling experience and should be used with every client in a formal or informal manner. The counselor should have certain skills to ensure the usefulness and correctness of assessment. Sometimes major events in a client’s life can cause assessments to be revamped, or can highlight the importance of assessments. A comprehensive report regarding Jadine Marie Sawyer’s referral reflects the need of accurate and competent application of assessments. Through careful organization of data information about the client is revealed through the use of the referral, assessments, goals and validity of the assessments. Recommendations are given as a result of the assessment outcomes and conclusions. Name of Person being assessed: Jadine Date of birth: 9-1-94 Date(s) of testing: 4-2011, 2-11-2012, 3-22-2012, 12-11-2012, 11-13-2014 Chronological age (years, months): 20 years, 2 months Reason for referral Jadine, a 20-year-old Caucasian female, was referred because of a panic attack in her math class in which it took her approximately 30 minutes to catch her breath. The experience was such that she never wants go through that again and avoids circumstances where it could possible happen. She was horrified and embarrassed by the situation. Jadine needs assistance with determining her future goals. She was at a loss describing what she wanted because her mind is so preoccupied with her daughter, being a student, and an employee that she has not considered her future. She planned on joining the military but her boyfriend is going into the Marines and she does not want her daughter to be separated from both of them. She wants to do what is best for her daughter and it is causing physical and mental ailments because she does not know how she is going to manage. The nature of the referral and the goals of the assessment Jadine had a panic attack last month which resulted in her math teacher referring her to the counseling center. She wants to take good care of her daughter and be able to provide for her needs. These concerns are weighing on her mind so heavily that they are causing her physical as well as mental issues. She also has added stress because her boyfriend is leaving for the Marines and she wants to find a way to keep their daughter in contact with her father. Jadine wants to secure her future by making sure she can provide for her daughter and not abandon her. She wants to find a happy medium between school, work, and family life that will not cause her stress. Jadine needs to discuss and clarify her interests. Understanding her assessments can help identify a career focus and begin a journey to career planning and exploration. The Brief Mood Survey can be used to assess her suicidal tendencies, her satisfaction with her relationship, anger and her anxiety level. This will help to determine the most significant areas of concern as far as her mental health and help to determine treatment planning. The MBTI measures interests, abilities, and those results can help her create a rewarding career. It also will give her better direction as far as work activities, educational programs, and enjoying down time. She will make decisions that will benefit her now and throughout her life. The ACT will show Jadine options as far as college and help her select a degree program she would like to enroll in. The Strong Basic Interest Scales represent specific interest areas that often point to work activities, projects, coursework, and leisure activities that could be personally motivating and rewarding to Jadine. Her interest levels can be used to examine interest’s areas evident in her work and lifestyle and can stimulate discussion on how she might be able to incorporate others into her plan. The questions on the Aptitude and Interest Inventories are intended to reveal in what way you think, not what you know. This therefore helps to create a more enjoyable work, home and leisure time experience. Evaluation instruments and methods American College Testing (ACT) –The ACT is a standardized test for high school achievement and college admissions. Brief Mood Survey (BMS) The BMS includes accurate scales that measure depression severity, suicidal impulses, anxiety, anger, relationship difficulties, and positive feelings such as joy, self-esteem, and productivity. The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a psychometric questionnaire intended to measure psychological preferences in how individuals see the world and make decisions. The Strong Interest Inventory (SII) is a test that uses scales to assess and match individual’s interests with potential educational, career, and leisure activities, using preferences in a variety of areas. Aptitude and Interest Inventories assesses an individual’s likes and dislikes for a variety of activities, objects, and types of persons. Brief description of the person Jadine is a single 18 year old Caucasian, female who has a hard time making friends. She is a high school graduate with a daughter named Sierra. She resides at 239 Cooper Lane, Callia, FL 34567. While she was in school she finished two college courses along with her regular classes. She graduated with honors and was 36th in her class of 626 students. Jadine is not sure what to do now that she has graduated. She has a very supportive family who means the world to her and does not know what she will so without them. Background information Initially it was suggested to Jadine to enter therapy because of a panic attack. She was anxious and nervous because her boyfriend enlisted and she was having difficulties financially. She was very concerned because she did not know how she was going to be able to take care of her daughter. Not only was she concerned about her daughter financially but physically as she entered school and found a job. Who would take of her? These concerns created mental and physical issues. Jadine’s family is very supportive. She worked in a daycare that her mom. Her mom, grandmother and Marcs (her boyfriend) mother help out with Sierra when they can. She cannot imagine life without her family. Behavioral observations Jadine is well put together when it comes to her appearance. She has a hard time concentrating and did not make much eye contact. The fact that she often folded her arms and crossed her legs displays that she is closed off and has trouble letting others in. She is guarded with a normal thought process. Thoughts that she expressed were not abstract. Jadine looked tired and thin. She seemed restless, shy, nervous, and unable to relax. She is a very nice person who is self-aware Validity statement The Strong aids in Career development—helps intensify a persons’ self-awareness and provide profound understanding of individual strengths and blind spots, including work style and risk-taking orientation. This is perfect for Jadine. The ACT Helps people achieve education and workplace success. The Brief Mood Survey was compared to such assessments as the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories as well as the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales. It was found that it correlates highly with them. So, the Brief Mood Survey is valid for assessing Jadine’s mood and anxiety levels. The instrument is a powerful tool that can help make decisions about career and education. It does not matter whether you are just beginning your career, making a change, or thinking about education options for career preparation, you can benefit from the information in your results. You can identify a career focus and begin your career planning. The instrument measures interests and can help guide you toward careers, work activities, education programs, and leisure activities. Jadine stated that she wanted to makes changes in all that this instrument measures. She wants to find a job that will support her and her daughter. She also wants to pick a school and major where she can do well. The MBTI measures interests, abilities, and those results can help her create a rewarding career. Reported reliability for the MBTI ranges from 65% to above 90%. Validity coefficients with similar subtests of the General Aptitude and Interest Battery range from .60 to .80. Median alpha reliabilities range from .70 to .91. Assessment results The ACT shows that Jadine would do well in her first year English and reading. She has a 50% chance of earning a B or higher, or about a 75% chance of earning a C or higher in first year college courses related to English and reading. Her writing score indicates writing to be one of her strengths. Jadine demonstrated evaluation skills, solid support for her points, varied sentence structure, and well selected wording on her essay. Her scores were: Composite Score 21, English 24, Mathematics 19, Reading 23, Science 18, Combined English/Writing 25, and writing subscale (score range 2-12) 10. On the Strong Jadine’s top five interests areas include religion and spirituality; counseling and helping; and teaching and education. The Basic Interest Scales represent specific interest areas that often point to work activities, projects, coursework, and leisure activities that could be personally motivating and rewarding. Jadine’s interest levels (Very Little, Little, Moderate, High, Very High) can be used to examine interests areas evident in her work and lifestyle and can stimulate discussion on how she might be able to incorporate others into her plan such as her daughter. The Brief Mood Survey assess mood in various categories. Jadine’s results were depression and anger were scores of 7 which means they are in the mild range and there is no need for alarm just yet. Jadine scored a 0 for suicidal ideation. She also stated that she was not suicidal on the intake questionnaire. Her score of 18 on relationship satisfaction was neutral while her score of 23 for anxiety was extreme. This needs to be addressed right away. These results were very accurate as far as Jadine is concerned. Summary of assessment results and conclusions Jadines MBTI results showed that her highest themes were social and artistic. These themes describe peoples personalities and environments they work in. People who have high scores in these areas enjoy close, personal connections and using creativity to make a difference in the lives’ of others. Jadine is a collaborative helper who will be appreciated for her ability to encourage others to talk about their ideas, get others to agree on decisions, aid in creating structure and organization and making sure projects are completed. Some of the jobs that she would do well in are speech pathologist, special education teacher, elementary school teacher, and social worker. Recommendations I would recommend that Jadine continue counseling because now she has learned some things about herself and has some direction. She needs to use what she has learned and discuss actions she has taken. Her mental and physical concerns regarding her challenges need to be readdressed. Further assessing is need to help her to really narrow down job choices and I would recommend that so that she can really decide on a job that will fit her comfort level with others until she learns to make friends more easily. Jadine might also consider regular counseling to determine her treatment progress. By measuring Jadine’s symptomology it will indicate whether the current interventions are facilitating growth. _____________________________ Signature and credentials Conclusion Jadine was referred by her math teacher because of a panic attack. She was feeling uncertain of her future especially in regards to her daughter. She did not know how she was going to take care of her financially or physically. Her boyfriend was leaving for the Marines. These circumstances caused her physical and emotional distress. Jadine needed help with decisions for her future, college, work and her physical and emotional distress. She took the ACT, The Strong Interest Inventory, The Brief Mood Survey, The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator and Aptitude and Interest Inventories. These assessments provided her with some needed direction. I recommended that she continue counseling so she can discuss the progress she has made, how she is dealing with changes in her life and to if interventions have helped with her distress. These assessments have been very beneficial in that they help individuals learn about themselves in ways that will give direction to degree choice, job contentment, career, relationships and even leisure time satisfaction. Assessments are vital tools because they can determine exactly where a client is mentally, physically and emotionally. Careful consideration needs to be taken when deciding what assessment should be used. They should be used with each client in future counseling endeavors.

The Definition of Literature :: Definition Essays

The Definition of Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literature has many meanings but to me when I hear the word literature I think of large tomes of words and stories that have become classics over time however this is only one definition of literature. Literature comes from that Latin word littera, that directly translated means letter, thus supporting the idea that literature is written. This view however leaves out the idea that there can be oral literature as well from which many of our stories and books come from.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main form of literature, the book, has had a great impact upon the formation of our society today. Before the 1940’s TV had not come into being yet and there was not much else to do other than read books. Thus books formed my grandparents and to some extent my parents and, although I grew up in the generation of TV, books as literature have indirectly formed me as well. There also can be forms of artistic literature such as poetry or play writing. These also play an important part in literature, I believe, such as Robert frost’s poems or the works of Shakespeare the playwright. These are great authors, whose literature is not in the form of a great story or a moving novel, but in irregular works that have stayed with us for a long time many years. I believe that one very good definition of literature is that literature must have certain qualities such as plot, characters, tone, symbols, conflict, point of view, and many other elements working together in a dynamic relationship to produce a literary work. This pretty much defines the way that most people see literature today. This allows for oral traditional stories as well as for the irregular forms of writing such as plays and poems that can also have plot, characters, tone and the other elements mentioned so that they can be deemed a literary work.

How Does Iago Inspire Fear and a Looming Sense of Tragedy?

Iago, in his soliloquies, informs the audience of his plans to deceive Othello and bring about his fall from grace. It is his use of language, rhythm, length and delivery that cause the greatest impact, instilling fear into the audience and creating a sense of tragic inevitability as Iago’s plans will come to fruition, with no one to stop them. The dangerous thing about Iago is that he not only brings down Othello, but he also wrecks anyone else that he can along the way.A soliloquy is when a character is alone on stage and projects their true inner thoughts or feelings to the audience. This is the case for Iago, as he shows his true state of mind in his soliloquies. It is what he says in them, which create such an overwhelming amount of fear for the reader, with his plans to corrupt and deceive various characters along the way in order to abolish Othello. Many critics also agree that Iago is a character full of pure evil. Shakespearean critic A. C.Bradley said that â€Å"evi l has nowhere else been portrayed with such mastery as in the evil character of Iago. † in â€Å"Shakespearean Tragedy† (p. 169). Iago’s soliloquies are where he reveals how dishonest he is, creating anxiety in the audience, as we are unable to interrupt what Iago plans to do. Moreover, Iago tells the audience of his scheme which involves arranging for Cassio to lose his position as lieutenant, and gradually insinuate to Othello that Desdemona is unfaithful with Cassio.The horrifying thing about Iago is that he is able to talk of carrying out such horrifying events such as sabotaging Othello and Desdemona’s marriage, and the fact that he relishes the moment when he formulates his plan, truly shows his malicious nature, making the audience fear him. We see the lengths Iago will go to destroy Othello. He knows that Othello is a man â€Å"That thinks men honest that but seem to be so†, so he is willing to abuse Othello’s trust and poison him unt il he loses his mind. There are many references in the play to sacred teachings; mainly on heaven and hell. In Act III, Iago is scheming about Othello’s downfall.When he says â€Å"How? How? let’s see:†, the atmosphere is extremely tense as the caesural pause shows that he is planning, and the audience is terrified as Iago is so into his plan that we know he will come up with something immensely evil. His capacity for cruelty seems limitless, and that is what makes him so frightening. Rebecca Warren has said from the York Advanced Notes of Othello that â€Å"his pride is laced with sly vindictiveness† (p. 60). His qualities seem to be like that of the devil. Very suddenly, he says â€Å"I have’t, it is engendered! Hell and night/Must bring this monstrous birth to the world’s light. The juxtaposition between â€Å"Hell and night† and world’s light† shows Iago as being linked with hell and Othello as being linked with heav en, whilst the rhyming couplet and the reference to the â€Å"monstrous birth† draws attention to the unnaturalness and evilness of his plans, which instils fear in the audience and a looming sense of tragedy, as now Iago will bring his plan into action. The broken up iambic pentameter shows how much he relishes his moment. In Act V, Iago tries to show the justification of his actions. He believes that because Othello slept with his wife, he is acceptable in cuckolding Othello.This is shown when he says â€Å"Till I am evened with him, wife for wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here, he is showing the audience that he is so immoral, that he is willing to go as far as corrupting biblical terms, with his play on the teaching â€Å"an eye for an eye†, which he exchanges with â€Å"wife for a wife†¦ †, the ellipsis showing the pace of his speech as he gets worked up into a frenzy. The ellipsis also shows that he is in the thinking process, which also inspires a sense of trag edy as he will come up with more evil plans. In Act VI, Iago has been given the handkerchief and talks of the â€Å"holy writ† and of wanting Othello to â€Å"Burn like the mines of sulphur†.This line is emphatically stressed to show how badly he wants to punish Othello and this will inevitably end in tragedy, and so makes the audience nervous. Another way that he creates fear in the audience is by mocking the audience. In Act V, Iago says of Cassio: â€Å"And what’s he then that says I play the villain? /When this advice is free I give and honest†. Iago enjoys ruining people's lives. He does it with a sense of craftsmanship, as he appreciates the cleverness of a particular step in his scheme as much as its final result: incredible suffering for the people he has chosen.Here he is mocking the audience, by saying that he told Cassio the truth. He is reveling in his Machiavellian role. In Act III, just after he persuades Roderigo to sleep with Desdemona in order to do himself â€Å"a pleasure, (Iago) a sport†, Iago immediately reveals that he is only hanging around â€Å"with such a snipe/But for (his) own sport and profit†, the sibilance here drawing attention to the evil, mocking tone that Iago uses. The prominent Shakespeare scholar Harold Goddard called Iago a man always at war, â€Å"a moral pyromaniac,† in his book ‘The Meaning of Shakespeare’, which shows that Iago almost has a disorder.Using the length of his soliloquies, Iago manages to keep the audience captivated as to his next vindictive plan. The length of his soliloquies could perhaps shows his growing sense of influence and authority within the play, which creates a sense of looming tragedy for the audience as only they know of Iago’s cruel plans. Language can change the mood instantly, and Iago has a very violent tone. This is shown in Act V1 when he uses ‘s’ sibilance throughout the soliloquy, and the repetition of â€Å"poison† shows that he enjoys corrupting Othello, which scares the audience as this is very immoral.In Act V, when he says â€Å"Divinity of hell†, the audience is terrified, as it is unclear whether he is calling the devil or possible saying that he is the devil, as he says that when devils are plotting, they cover up their evil side â€Å"with heavenly shows/As (he) do(es) now. † What is dangerous about Iago is that he doesn’t have a real motive. His motivations are never very clearly expressed and seem to be just an obsessive delight in manipulation and destruction. This view is shared by the critic E. H. Seymour in his remarks†¦ upon the Plays of Shakespeare, where he says â€Å"there are no sufficient motives apparent for this excess of malignity†.However, in Act II, Iago claims that his reason for this cruelness towards Othello is because Othello â€Å"Hath leapt into (Iago’s) seat. † and this very thought â€Å"Doth like a poisonous mineral gnaw (his) inwards† This is only a rumour, but Iago treats it as if it is completely true. His lack of motivation, or his inability or unwillingness to express his true motivation, makes his actions all the more terrifying. He is willing to take revenge on anyone—Othello, Desdemona, Cassio, Roderigo, even Emilia and what alarms the audience more is that he enjoys the pain and damage he causes. He also seems to have a very misogynistic view on women.Rebecca Warren says from the York Advanced Notes on Othello (p. 60) that â€Å"he never says explicitly that he hates women or foreigners,† but seems to have an â€Å"exceedingly low opinion of them, which comes across in many of his speeches†, showing that he is racist and also quite sexist. This is shown in Act III, when he says to Roderigo that Othello is an â€Å"erring Barbarian† and Desdemona, â€Å"a super-subtle Venetian. He is very stereotypical and believes Othello to be a savage because he is black and Desdemona promiscuous because Venice had a â€Å"reputation for sexual licentiousness†, in the Arden Shakespeare version of Othello (p. 1). This makes the audience fear Iago as he is willing to base his plans on these stereotypical views. To conclude, I believe that, in his soliloquies, Iago inspires fear in the audience by the use of violent, negative language such as â€Å"poison†, â€Å"blood†, and â€Å"jealousy†. As well as this, it is the fact that he seems to have no real motive for his actions that truly scares the audience, as he goes to such extreme lengths to ruin Othello, just because of a rumour that the audience has only heard of from Iago himself, or just because Othello appointed Cassio as his lieutenant, instead of him.What additionally adds fear in the audience is his use of vivid imagery of hell and the devil, and also evidence for him actually calling himself the devil. The content of Iago’s s oliloquies is what inspires a looming sense of tragedy as only the audience knows what he is plotting and so nothing can be done to stop Iago from implementing his cruel plan.

My Super Power

Super Power is an extra ordinary power that is God’s gift to a person. Super power is a special power that some special people have; it is rare to find people with super power. Everyone wants super power like laser eyes,, flying power, fire breathing power, a power by which people can make electricity pass through him but he wont get affected, a person may have a strong skull, freezing power, supper strength, strength of being invisible, being a fairy, magic power, etc. Even I want super powers, I want such a power with which I can see the death, I wish I could see any signs by which I could understand that there is going to be an accident or some how if any person is going to die. I had a dream of having this power when I first saw a movie named ‘The Eye’. This is a horror film, in which a girl who lived in a small town who had not much power or believers except her mother. She ha this super power, people thought she was a witch and thought she used to kill the people as she could tell who was about to die, so she suicides. But before she died she predicted a big accident which will occur on the way to the city. She died but her spirit was still there, on the other hand there was a girl named Sydney who lived in the city, who lost her eye sight when she was 5 years old. The girl chooses Sydney to fulfill her last wish, to stop the accident and save the people. And at the and she did save the people†¦ From the movie I’ve learned one thing the people who have power or believers doesn’t want to do any thing from their hearts, they just know to tell people that they can do many things, but in reality they don’t do anything but, people who wants to do something doesn’t have the power. If I had this super power, I don’t think anyone would believe me that if I was telling the truth or I will be trying to save them, they may also take me as a witch too. But I still want to help them; I want to save all the damages and all the people. If I had this super power, I know o couldn’t save or help anyone but, I can tell from my heart that I would try my best to save them.